Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a known complication of various infections, the link between Mycoplasma infection and AIHA is relatively rare. This case emphasizes the importance of considering Mycoplasma as a potential trigger for AIHA, especially in patients presenting with progressive dyspnea, symptomatic anemia, and positive cold agglutinin test results. Case Report: A 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to progressive dyspnea and symptomatic anemia. The patient had a history of mild anemia, indicating mild hemolysis, as evidenced by low haptoglobin and mildly elevated LDH levels on prior laboratory tests. Upon investigation, the patient's Coombs test revealed a positive result for anti-C3b/d, indicating the presence of cold agglutinin-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Additionally, Mycoplasma serology showed positive IgG results, confirming the presence of Mycoplasma infection-associated cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS). Conclusion: Early recognition and prompt initiation of targeted therapy are crucial to prevent disease progression and optimize patient outcomes in this rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Further research and awareness are warranted to improve the understanding and management of Mycoplasma-associated AIHA.