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Journal of Case Reports
The Role of F-18 FDG PET in the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Two Case Reports

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Leonardo Chianura1, Maria Elisabetta De Ferrari2, Cristina Elena Popescu3, Silvia Cantoni4, Giacomo Colussi2, Claudio Rossetti3, Massimo Puoti1
From the Departments of Infectious Diseases1, Nephrology2, Nuclear Medicine3, Hematology4; Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy. 
Corresponding Author:
Dr. Leonardo Chianura
Email: leochianura@libero.it
Received: 05-NOV-2013 Accepted: 08-JAN-2014 Published Online: 15-JAN-2014
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17659/01.2014.0006
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in Mediterranean countries. Among immunosuppressed patients, the disease can manifest with atypical clinical features. An unusual clinical manifestation of the disease is fever of unknown origin (FUO). F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET) may be useful for detecting inflammatory foci by observing increased metabolism in activated granulocytes and macrophages. We report two cases of PET/CT total body imaging showing a diffuse increase of reticuloendothelial metabolic activity in the spleen and vertebral bodies in two patients diagnosed with VL by direct detection of amastigotes in bone marrow biopsy.
Keywords : Leishmaniasis, Fever of Unknown origin, Bone marrow, Positron Emission Tomography, Spleen, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18.
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